International Journal of

In this paper we present an in-depth review on the trends and the directions taken by the researchers worldwide in Optical Code Division Multiple Access (OCDMA) systems. We highlight those trends and features that are believed to be essential to the successful introduction of various OCDMA techniques in communication systems and data networks in near future. In particular we begin by giving a comprehensive review on the constructions of optical orthogonal codes (OOC). In our system study we first focus and discuss on various OCDMA techniques such as 1-D, 2-D and spectrally-encoded ultrashort light pulse CDMA, and discuss their pros and cons. A comprehensive discussion takes place on all important aspects of each OCDMA technique. In particular, we elaborate on enabling technologies that are needed prior to full scale consideration of OCDMA in communication systems. We extend our discussion to various data networks, including fiber-based and wireless to indicate the directions and the applications that OCDMA systems are considered for. It is believed that OCDMA once fully developed and matured will be an inseparable part of advanced optical communication systems and networks due to its various desirable features and functionalities, in not so distant future.