Volume 18, Issue 2 (Summer-Fall 2024)                   IJOP 2024, 18(2): 273-288 | Back to browse issues page

XML Print


Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:

Dorrani Z. Improving the Sensitivity and Stability of Photonic Crystal Temperature Sensors with Deep Learning Autoencoders. IJOP 2024; 18 (2) :273-288
URL: http://ijop.ir/article-1-591-en.html
PayameeNoor
Abstract:   (29 Views)
Photonic temperature sensors play a crucial role in industrial, medical, and environmental applications. Despite significant progress, challenges such as limited sensitivity, noise, and instability under real-world conditions persist. Most existing sensors rely on non-topological structures, making them vulnerable to structural defects and environmental disturbances with limited temperature operational ranges. Therefore, there is a pressing need for high-sensitivity, stable sensors with wide temperature ranges. In this study, a novel approach based on a one-dimensional topological temperature sensor composed of hyperbolic metamaterial-based photonic structures is presented. The key innovation involves leveraging a deep autoencoder to enhance spectral signal quality and extract robust latent features resistant to noise and defects. This approach optimizes sensor sensitivity and quality, enabling precise temperature prediction over a wide range from 20 to 375 °C. Numerical simulation results demonstrate a sensitivity improvement of up to 0.4 nm/°C, along with outstanding quality performance, achieved through structural optimization and the integration of deep learning. This achievement yields a sensor with high accuracy, exceptional stability, and robustness against environmental perturbations, thereby opening new avenues for applications in both industrial and medical fields.
 
Full-Text [PDF 1090 kb]   (12 Downloads)    
Type of Study: Research | Subject: Nanophotonics and Nanostructures
Received: 2025/07/21 | Revised: 2026/09/8 | Accepted: 2026/10/3

References
1. M.A. Butt, X. Mateos, and R. Piramidowicz, “Photonics sensors: a perspective on current advancements, emerging challenges, and potential solutions,” Phys. Lett. A, Vol. 516, pp. 129633(1-9), 2024. I. Abood, S.El. Soliman, W. He, and Z. Ouyang, “Topological Photonic Crystal Sensors: Fundamental Principles, Recent Advances, and Emerging Applications,” Sensors, Vol. 25, no. 5, pp. 1455(1-25), 2025. M.V. Kazempour and H. Vahed, “Plasmonic D-Shaped Photonic Crystal Fiber Biosensor with Gold Layer for Sensing of the Refractive Index,” Int. J. Opt. Photon., Vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 209-216, 2020. Y. Wang, H.-X. Wang, L. Liang, W. Zhu, L. Fan, Z.-K. Lin, F. Li, X. Zhang, P.-G. Luan, Y. Poo, J.-H. Jiang, and G.-Y. Guo, “Hybrid topological photonic crystals,” Nat. Commun., Vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 4457(1-9), 2023. Z. Dorrani, “Biosensor for detection of biological components using photonic crystal,” Majlesi J. Telecommun. Devices, Vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 135-139, 2023. Z. Dorrani, “Designing Sensor based Surface Plasmon Resonance with Photonic Crystals,” Quarterly J. Optoelectronic, Vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 47-52, 2017. Z. Dorrani, “Two-dimensional Photonic Crystal Sensor for Detection of Biomaterial,” Majlesi J. Elect. Eng., Vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 25 28, 2020. S. Bolandnazar and S. Roshan Entezar, “Propagation of Flat-top Optical Pulses in Defective Photonic Band Gap,” Int. J. Opt. Photon., Vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 57-64, 2023. S. Elshahat, I. Abood, Z. Liang, J. Pei, and Z. Ouyang, “Elongated-hexagonal photonic crystal for buffering, sensing, and modulation,” Nanomaterials, Vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 809(1-10), 2021. Y.-T. Fang, X.-X. Li, and L.-X. Yang, “Robust topological edge states from one-dimensional diatomic chain photonic crystals,” Int. J. Mod. Phys. B, Vol. 35, no. 10, pp. 2150146(1-11), 2021. E. Adibnia, M. Ghadrdan, and M. A. Mansouri-Birjandi, “Prediction of Fiber Bragg Gratings Characteristics from Its Design Parameters Using Deep Learning,” Int. J. Opt. Photon., Vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 165-174, 2023. C.-T.C. Chao, S.-H. Chen, H.J. Huang, M.R.R. Kooh, C.M. Lim, R. Thotagamuge, A.H. Mahadi, and Y.-F.C. Chau, “Improving Temperature-Sensing Performance of Photonic Crystal Fiber via External Metal-Coated Trapezoidal-Shaped Surface,” Crystals, Vol. 13, no. 5, pp. 813(1-10), 2023. H.A. Elsayed, A.G. Mohamed, A.M. El-Sherbeeny, A.H. Aly, M.R. Abukhadra, W. Al Zoubi, and A. Mehaney, “Improved performance of temperature sensors based on the one-dimensional topological photonic crystals comprising hyperbolic metamaterials,” Sci. Rep., Vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 19733(1-16), 2024. Z. Dorrani, “Optimization of Photonic Nanocrystals for Invisibility Using Artificial Intelligence,” J. Adv. Mater. Eng. (Esteghlal), Vol. 44, no. 1, pp. 55-70, 2025. Z. Dorrani, H. Farsi, and S. Mohammadzadeh, “Edge Detection and Identification using Deep Learning to Identify Vehicles,” J. Inf. Syst. Telecommun., Vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 201-210, 2022. Z. Dorrani, “Road Detection with Deep Learning in Satellite Images,” Majlesi J. Telecommun. Devices, Vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 43 47, 2023. Z. Dorrani, “Speech-to-text with artificial intelligence: Improving accuracy using Fuzzy ResNet and SqueezeNet,” J. Inf. Commun. Technol. Polic., Vol. 20, no. 5, pp. 67-80, 2025. Z. Dorrani, “Anomaly Detection in Emerging Crimes with Deep Autoencoder Architecture,” Contrib. Sci. Technol. Eng., Vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 45-56, 2025. L. Akbarshahi, H. Sarpoolaki, and H. Ghassai, “Investigation of Key Factors on Manufacture of Fused Silica Parts by Gel-Casting Method,” J. Adv. Mater. Eng., Vol. 33, no. 1, pp. 117 126, 2022. S. Roshan Entezar, “Effect of Hydrostatic Pressure and Temperature on the Performance of a One-Dimensional Photonic Crystal-Based Biosensor,” Int. J. Opt. Photon., Vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 179-186, 2021. K.H. Choi, C.W. Ling, K.F. Lee, Y.H. Tsang, and K.H. Fung, “Simultaneous multi-frequency topological edge modes between one-dimensional photonic crystals,” Opt. Lett., Vol. 41, no. 7, pp. 1644-1647, 2016. C. Li, X. Hu, H. Yang, and Q. Gong, “Unidirectional transmission in 1D nonlinear photonic crystal based on topological phase reversal by optical nonlinearity,” AIP Adv., Vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 025203(1-7), 2017. S. Osifeso, S. Chu, A. Prasad, and K. Nakkeeran, “Surface plasmon resonance-based temperature sensor with outer surface metal coating on multi-core photonic crystal fibre,” Surfaces, Vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 337-351, 2020. Q. Wang, X. Zhang, X. Yan, F. Wang, and T. Cheng, “Design of a Surface Plasmon Resonance Temperature Sensor with Multi-wavebands Based on Conjoined-tubular Anti-resonance Fiber,” Photonics, Vol. 8, no. 6, pp. 231(1-12), 2021. S. Medhekar, P. Sharma, M.M. Gupta, and N. Ghosh, “Add-Drop Filter and Refractive Index and Temperature Sensor Using 2D Photonic Crystal Ring Resonator,” Int. J. Opt. Photon., Vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 221-234, 2022. S. Gu, W. Sun, M. Li, Z. Li, X. Nan, Z. Feng, and M. Deng, “Simultaneous Measurement of Magnetic Field and Temperature Based on Photonic Crystal Fiber Plasmonic Sensor with Dual-Polarized Modes,” Optik, Vol. 259, pp. 169030(1-16), 2022. S.K. Srivastava, “Design of Temperature Sensor Based on One-dimensional Photonic Crystal Containing Si–BGO Layer,” Mater. Open, Vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 2350003(1-17), 2023. P. Gao, X. Zheng, Y. Liu, and Z. Wang, “Photonic crystal fiber refractive index temperature sensor based on double spherical cascade,” Optik, Vol. 267, pp. 169682(1-10), 2022. H. Li, J. Ruan, X. Li, Z. Yang, Z. Xu, G. Wei, T. He, and Y. Luo, “High-Sensitivity Temperature Sensor Based on Photonic Crystal Fiber Filled with Ethanol and Toluene,” ECS J. Solid State Sci. Technol., Vol. 12, no. 12, pp. 127007(1-7), 2023. Z. Dorrani, “Negative Refraction, Subwavelength Lensing Effect and Total Mirror with a Photonic Crystal Structure,” Majlesi J. Electr. Eng., Vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 55 60, 2018. Z. Dorrani and M.A. Mansouri-Birjandi, “Superlens Biosensor with Photonic Crystals in Negative Refraction,” Int. J. Comput. Sci. Issues, Vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 57-65, 2012. Z. Dorrani, “Optical Supertrap with Complete Photonic Lens,” Majlesi J. Telecommun. Devices, Vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 124-131, 2015. Z. Dorrani, “Deep Learning for Line Road Detection in Smart Cars,” Majlesi J. Telecommun. Devices, Vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 63 68, 2024. Z. Dorrani, H. Farsi, and S. Mohamadzadeh, “Deep Learning in Vehicle Detection Using ResUNet-a Architecture,” Jordan J. Elect. Eng., Vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 165-178, 2022. Z. Dorrani, H. Farsi, and S. Mohamadzadeh, “Shadow Removal in Vehicle Detection Using ResUNet-a,” Iran. J. Energy Environ., Vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 87-95, 2023. Z. Dorrani and H.A. Abadi, “Neural Network Design for Energy Estimation in Surge Arresters,” Majlesi J. Telecommun. Devices, Vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 229-237, 2024. Z. Dorrani, “Simulation of Micro-Displacement Sensor Using Photonic Crystals,” Biquarterly J. Optoelectron., Vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 17-22, 2016.

Add your comments about this article : Your username or Email:
CAPTCHA

Rights and permissions
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

© 2026 CC BY-NC 4.0 | International Journal of Optics and Photonics

Designed & Developed by : Yektaweb