International Journal of

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The refraction phenomenon at the interface of an ordinary material and a lossy metamaterial has been investigated. For oblique incidence on the lossy metamaterial, the planes of constant amplitude of the refracted wave are parallel to the interface and the plane of constant phases make a real angle with the interface (real refraction angle). The real refraction angle and hence, the real refraction index corresponds to the real refraction angle which satisfies the real version of Snell's law are negative in two different regimes. In one regime, the metamaterial is double-negative, while in the other one it is single-negative. Moreover, we show that the plane wave solution for the refracted wave is causal in both double-negative and single-negative regimes

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In this paper, the optical properties of one dimensional fractal structures are investigated. We consider six typical fractal photonic structures: the symmetric dual cantor-like fractal structure, the asymmetric dual cantor-like fractal structure, the single cantor-like fractal structure, the symmetric dual golden-section fractal structure, the asymmetric dual golden-section fractal structure and the single golden-section fractal structure. By using the transfer matrix method the transmission spectra of these structures are simulated. The calculation results shows that the transmission spectrum of the symmetric dual cantor-like fractal structure is self-similar and the peak numbers in the transmission spectra of the SDGSFS also follow the principals of special fractal structures. It is also shown that in the symmetric dual golden-section fractal structure the localization of modes which appears within the stop band increases and getting closer to the middle of the gap by increasing the number of string.

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The performance of a polarizing beam splitter based on the one-dimensional photonic crystals (1D-PCs), is theoretically investigated. The polarizing beam splitter consists of a symmetric stack of the low-index quarter-wave plates and the high-index half-wave plates with a central defect layer of air. The linear transmission properties of the polarizing beam splitter are numerically simulated by the transfer matrix method. The results show that the wavelength of the polarizing beam splitter can be tuned by adjusting the thickness of the defect layer of air and the incident angle of light due to the resonant couple of the evanescent waves localized at the interfaces between neighboring layers.

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In this paper, properties of reflection phase in one-dimensional quaternary photonic crystals combining dispersive meta-materials and positive index materials are investigated by transfer matrix method. Two omnidirectional band gaps are located in the band structure of considered structure. However, we limit our studies to the frequency range of the second wide band gap. We observe that the value of the reflection phase difference between TE and TM waves can be controlled by changing the incident angle and frequency. Also, the results show that the reflection phase difference in the second band gap increases by increasing the incident angle, and remains almost unchanged in a broad frequency band. Furthermore, at two points near to the edges of the gap the reflection phase difference keeps almost zero in spite of the change of incident angle. Based on these properties, phase compensators and omni-directionally synchronous reflectors and also polarizers can be designed.

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We theoretically analyze the sensing properties of a one-dimensional photonic crystal-based biosensor for detecting cancer cells infiltrated in a defect cavity layer. The biosensor consists of a sample cavity layer sandwiched between two identical photonic crystals of Hgba₂Ca₂Cu₃O_8+d and GaAs. We use the transfer matrix method to evaluate the performance of the biosensor. We show that a defect mode appears in the transmission spectrum of the biosensor that its position depends on the type of cancer cells in the cavity layer. The analysis is carried out by comparing the transmittance peaks of the cancer cells with the normal cells. We investigate the performance of the biosensor under different hydrostatic pressures and temperatures. We show that one can use temperature change to fine-tune the frequency of the defect modes. In addition, we can adjust the working area of the biosensor by changing the hydrostatic pressure. It is shown that the sensitivity of the biosensor is independent of the temperature, while it strongly depends on the hydrostatic pressure.

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In this article, we provide a theoretical investigation into the reshaping of flat-top pulses in a one-dimensional, homogeneous, isotropic, finite-size photonic crystal with two defect layers. We use Fourier transform to find frequency and time spectra, and transfer matrix to determine transmission spectra to find the average duration and power of the output pulse. The pulses with a carrier frequency near the defect mode center and a wide frequency spectrum, undergo the most significant reshaping. Reshaping is strongest for narrow pulses with a carrier frequency at defect mode peaks. The maximum power and duration of the output pulse of a spectrally narrow pulse are all proportional to the pulse duration and exhibit extremes at the frequencies of the defect mode peaks. The power and average duration of a spectrally wide pulse's output pulse are not affected by the carrier frequency.