Recently, organo–metal halide perovskites have attracted much attention of the scientific community relating to their successful application in the absorber layer of low-cost solar cells. However, enough is known about the material and device properties, to realize that much remains to be learned.
In this paper, the electrical and optical properties of perovskite solar cells are investigated using the COMSOL Multiphysics simulation program. It is a study of the influences of carrier diffusion length (L), dielectric constant (ε_r), the valence band offset (VBO) of absorber/hole transport materials (HTM) and illumination intensity on fill factor (FF), short-circuit current density(J_SC), performance (PCE), and open-circuit voltage(V_OC). Also, J-V characteristics are calculated for different ε_r values. The simulation results point to the great dependence of efficiency on the carrier diffusion length of absorber layers. It is shown that, to obtain a high rate of efficiency, the relative permittivity should not be higher than 45.